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114 ITG engineering guidelines
Codec
type
Codec
Multi -
frame
duration
(ms)
See Not
e
8.
Voice
/fax
paylo
ad
size
(byte
s)
IP
head
er
size
(byte
s)
Ether
net
head
er
size
(byte
s)
Full-d
uplex
Ether
net
Band
width
(bps)
PPP
WAN
Band
width
(bps)
See
Note
9.
Frame
Relay
WAN
bandw
idth
(bps)
ATM
WAN
bandw
idth
(bps)
10 10 40 26 60,800 45,600 46,400 84,800
20 20 40 26 34,400 26,800 27,200 42,400
DSP pro
fileAB/
G.729A
(8kbit/s)
voice
30 30 40 26 25,600 20,533 20,800 28,267
G.723.1
(5.3 kbit/s)
voice
30 20 40 26 22,933 17,867 18,133 26,571
G723.1
(6.3 kbit/s)
30 24 40 26 24,000 18,933 19,200 28,267
16.6 30 40 26 46,265 37,108 37,590 50,600
T.30/T.38
G3 Fax
25 30 40 26 30,720 24,960 24,960 33,900
Based on voice multiframe encapsulation for Realtime Transport Protocol per H.323 V2.
The bolded rows contain the default payload/packet size for each codec in TM 3.1.
TLAN subnet data rate is the effective Ethernet bandwidth consumption.
TLAN subnet kbit/s for voice traffic = 2*Ethernet frame bits*8/frame duration in ms
WAN kbit/s for voice traffic = IP packet bytes*8/frame duration in ms
Overhead (RTP/UDP header + IP header) of packets over the voice payload multiframe is 40
bytes; overhead of Ethernet frame over IP packet is 26 bytes.
An Interframe gap is not included in the above bandwidth calculation, because of the low probability
of occurring in this type of application.
Length of speech captured at each end. By definition, payload is one way.
These values do not include overhead from the network header (IEEE 802.3) that is automatically
added at the TLAN subnet link. To determine the approximate bandwidth used on the TLAN
subnet when including the network header, divide the values in the column "Bandwidth use on
TLAN subnet in kbit/s (two way)" by 2.
Silence Suppression engineering considerations
Silence Suppression/Voice Activity Detection (VAD) results in average
bandwidth savings over time, not in instantaneous bandwidth savings.
For normal conversations, Silence Suppression creates a 40% savings in
average bandwidth used. For example, a single G.729AB voice packet will
still consume 30 Kbps of bandwidth but the average bandwidth used for the
entire call would be approximately 23 Kbps.
Nortel Communication Server 1000
IP Trunk Fundamentals
NN43001-563 01.01 Standard
Release 5.0 30 May 2007
Copyright © 2007, Nortel Networks
.
- IP Trunk Fundamentals 1
- Revision History 3
- 4 Revision History 4
- ITG engineering guidelines 87 7
- NN43001-563 01.01 Standard 10
- Release 5.0 30 May 2007 10
- Maintenance 387 13
- 16 Contents 16
- How to Get Help 17
- 18 How to Get Help 18
- Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 19
- 20 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 20
- Introduction 21 21
- Figure 1 21
- Directly-routed calls 22
- Gatekeeper-routed calls 22
- Startup and registration 23
- 24 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 24
- 26 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 26
- Loss plans and pad values 27
- Codec selection 27
- Package requirements 27
- System description 29
- System requirements 32
- Ordering rules and guidelines 36
- IP trunk card description 38
- Card roles 39
- Follower 40
- Active Leader 40
- Backup Leader 41
- D-channel IP gateway 41
- 42 System description 42
- Figure 5 42
- Card combinations 43
- 44 System description 44
- IP trunk card description 45 45
- Figure 7 47
- Card Status LED 48
- Ethernet status LEDs 49
- Reset switch 49
- PC Card socket 49
- Maintenance display 49
- 50 System description 50
- NTVQ01BB Hardware 52
- Assembly description 53
- Status LED 53
- Reset button 53
- 54 System description 54
- Installation guidelines 55
- Software delivery 55
- Card upgrades 56
- 60 System description 60
- Figure 15 60
- Figure 16 60
- Labeled Media Card 60
- ISDN Signaling Link 61
- 62 System description 62
- Figure 17 62
- ITG configuration 62
- ISDN Signaling Link 63 63
- Figure 18 63
- Dialing plans 64
- Multi-node configuration 65
- North American dialing plan 66
- Flexible Numbering Plan 66
- Echo cancellation 67
- Echo canceller tail delay 67
- Speech Activity Detection 69
- DTMF Through Dial 69
- Quality of Service parameters 71
- Packet loss 71
- 72 System description 72
- Traceroute 73
- End-to-end latency 73
- Equipment Impairment factor 74
- Figure 22 75
- Type of Service 76
- Type of Service 77 77
- Fax support 78
- Remote Access 79
- Configuration 80
- Messaging 81
- Start record 81
- SNMP MIB 82
- SNMP MIB 83 83
- Codec profiles 84
- Security passwords 85
- Administrator level 86
- Technical support level 86
- ITG engineering guidelines 87
- Audience 90
- Equipment requirements 91
- 92 ITG engineering guidelines 92
- 94 ITG engineering guidelines 94
- Figure 24 94
- Procedure 4 95
- Estimating voice traffic 95
- 96 ITG engineering guidelines 96
- Procedure 5 97
- 98 ITG engineering guidelines 98
- Card role 102
- DCHIP card role 102
- Leader card role 102
- Single card role 103
- Backup Leader/Follower role 103
- Host module type 104
- Endpoint type 105
- Recommendation 107
- ATTENTION 113
- TAT enhancement 116
- TAT call Scenario 117
- TAT versus TRO 118
- Assess WAN link resources 122
- Assess WAN link resources 123 123
- Route Link Traffic Estimation 124
- Enough capacity 126
- Implement QoS in IP networks 127
- Traffic mix 128
- TCP traffic behavior 128
- Queue management 130
- Queueing delay 130
- Class-based Queueing 130
- Buffer management and WRED 130
- Fine-tune network QoS 133
- Further network analysis 133
- Components of delay 133
- Propagation delay 133
- Serialization delay 134
- Queuing delay 134
- Routing and hop count 135
- Other delay components 136
- Reduce link delay 136
- Reduce hop count 137
- Adjust jitter buffer size 137
- Reduce packet loss 137
- Routing issues 138
- Network modeling 138
- Time-of-Day voice routing 139
- Measure intranet QoS 140
- Measure intranet QoS 141 141
- Figure 27 141
- Measure intranet QoS 143 143
- Figure 28 143
- Figure 29 143
- QoS level with G.711 codec 143
- Obtain QoS measurement tools 144
- Adjust PING measurements 146
- Late packets 146
- Estimate voice quality 148
- Sample scenarios 151
- Measure intranet QoS 153 153
- IP trunk card connections 154
- 10/100BaseT Ethernet ports 154
- RS-232 serial ports 154
- Subnet configurations 155
- Private IP addresses 157
- Public IP addresses 157
- General LAN considerations 158
- TLAN subnet design 159
- Setting up the ELAN subnet 160
- Duplex mismatch 160
- I/O filter connector 161
- Codec types 162
- Payload size 163
- Fallback threshold 165
- Set ITG QoS objectives 166
- Intranet QoS monitoring 167
- SNMP network management 168
- User feedback 169
- Contents 171
- Introduction 171
- TM 3.1 ITG Engineering rules 171
- Figure 32 173
- TM 3.1 PC description 174
- Hard drive requirements 176
- Before you begin 180
- ESN installation summar y 183
- Channel Identifier planning 184
- Overlapping channel numbers 190
- Card installation procedure 190
- Procedure 7 192
- Figure 34 193
- Figure 35 195
- Procedure 9 196
- Installing the NTCW84KA cable 196
- Figure 36 197
- Procedure 10 197
- Installing the NTMF94EA cable 197
- For DCHIP cards 198
- For non-DCHIP cards 198
- Configure NT6D80 MSDL switches 199
- Large System equipment row) 200
- Procedure 12 202
- Large System equipment rows 202
- Install the serial cable 204
- Figure 40 206
- EMC kit deployment 206
- Figure 41 207
- Figure 42 208
- Chassis" (page 210) 209
- RS-232 maintenance port 210
- NTMF29BA DCHIP cable 211
- Figure 46 212
- NTMF04BA MSDL extension cable 213
- DCHIP Cable Routing 213
- 1000M Cabinet extension cable 214
- Other components 214
- Trunk 3.01 (and later) 216
- Systems 218
- ESN5 network signaling 229
- Procedure 17 235
- Figure 50 236
- Add ITG Node window 236
- Figure 51 236
- General tab 236
- Configure Network Connections 237
- Configure card properties 239
- Figure 52 240
- Configuration tab 240
- Procedure 20 242
- Procedure 21 246
- Configure Accounting server 249
- Figure 58 251
- Procedure 24 252
- Figure 59 253
- Configure Digits dialed tab 254
- Figure 60 256
- Procedure 28 262
- Procedure 29 264
- Procedure 30 265
- Figure 61 266
- IP trunk card status 266
- Procedure 31 267
- Procedure 32 268
- Procedure 33 269
- Procedure 34 270
- Figure 64 272
- Procedure 36 273
- Upgrade the DCHIP PC Card 275
- Overview 281
- Add a site and system 282
- Add a site and system 283 283
- Figure 68 283
- Add a Site 283
- Change an existing site 284
- Add a site and system 285 285
- Figure 70 285
- Change System Properties 285
- Figure 71 285
- Delete a site 286
- Add a site and system 287 287
- Figure 73 287
- Deleting a site 287
- Figure 74 288
- Figure 75 288
- Confirm deletion 288
- Add a system 289
- Figure 77 290
- New system menu bar 290
- Add a site and system 291 291
- Figure 78 291
- Select a system type 291
- Figure 79 291
- Figure 80 292
- Add a site and system 293 293
- Figure 81 293
- System Data tab 293
- Figure 82 294
- Empty Customers window 294
- Add a site and system 295 295
- Figure 83 295
- Add Customer window 295
- Figure 84 295
- Change an existing system 296
- Add a site and system 297 297
- Figure 85 297
- System Properties window 297
- Click Properties 298
- Delete a system 299
- Figure 89 300
- Figure 90 300
- Confirming the deletion 300
- Procedure 45 301
- Figure 91 301
- Figure 92 302
- ITG ISDN IP Trunk window 302
- Figure 93 302
- Add ITG Node dialog box 302
- Figure 94 303
- New ITG node General tab 303
- Figure 95 304
- Figure 96 306
- Figure 98 308
- Edit a node 311
- Figure 102 312
- Change node properties 312
- Figure 103 312
- Figure 104 313
- Figure 105 313
- Figure 106 314
- Figure 107 315
- Figure 108 315
- Delete a node 316
- Figure 113 318
- The node is deleted 318
- Destination node protocol 319
- Quality of Service 319
- Dialing plan types 320
- Figure 114 322
- Figure 115 322
- ITG Dialing Plan window 322
- Figure 116 323
- Figure 117 324
- Figure 118 324
- Figure 119 325
- Selected Remote Node 325
- Figure 121 327
- Select the destination node 327
- Figure 122 327
- Figure 123 328
- Figure 124 329
- Figure 125 329
- Figure 127 331
- Select the Dial Plan 331
- Complex dialing plans 332
- Gatekeeper-resolved endpoints 333
- Figure 130 334
- Making a Gatekeeper zone 334
- Procedure 49 334
- Figure 131 335
- Procedure 51 337
- Figure 133 337
- Figure 135 339
- TM 3.1 OA and M using TM 3.1 341
- Delete an IP trunk card 343
- Database locking 344
- ITG Card Properties window 345
- Procedure 54 346
- Configure the date and time 346
- DSP maintenance window 347
- D-channel maintenance 348
- Transmit configuration data 348
- Figure 140 349
- ITG Transmit Options window 349
- Figure 141 350
- Locked IP trunk card message 350
- Procedure 56 351
- Figure 142 352
- Retrieve ITG node window 352
- Figure 143 353
- Configuration audit 354
- Trunk 3.0 (and later) node 355
- Procedure 59 356
- Figure 144 357
- Generate OM Report 357
- Figure 145 357
- OM Report scheduling window 357
- MAT Installation 358
- Backup and restore operations 359
- Alarm Notification 359
- System commands LD 32 360
- System commands LD 32 363 363
- STAT l s c u 363
- Procedure 60 367
- Procedure 61 368
- Figure 147 369
- Procedure 62 370
- Procedure 63 370
- Display the number of DSPs 373
- Software upgrade 376
- Generic file transfer: 376
- Configuration file transfer 376
- Procedure 64 378
- Procedure 65 378
- Procedure 66 379
- Backup from the CLI 380
- Restore from the CLI 381
- Display IP trunk card status 385
- Maintenance 387
- System level maintenance 394
- IP trunk card LD commands 395
- Error traps 397
- ITG shell command set 398
- IP trunk card self-tests 406
- BIOS self-test 407
- Base code self-test 407
- Application upgrade 408
- Maintenance or bug fix upgrade 408
- Patching tool 408
- Patch Directories 412
- Flash storage upgrades 412
- Software upgrade mechanisms 412
- Upgrade software using TM 3.1 412
- Replace an IP trunk card 414
- Replace an IP trunk card 415 415
- 416 Maintenance 416
- Replace an IP trunk card 417 417
- Procedure 71 417
- Procedure 72 417
- Backup and restore procedures 418
- Fault clearance procedures 419
- DCH failure 420
- DCH link failure 420
- PC Card failure 420
- DCHIP card failure 421
- Power loss 421
- Message: PRI241 426
- Description 426
- Normal cause 426
- 428 Maintenance 428
- Appendix A 429
- Patches and advisements 429
- IP Trunk 3.01.22 patches 430
- Appendix B 433
- (page 439).) 438
- Procedure 73 445
- Tools list 447
- Remove the NT8D81BA cable 447
- Procedure 75 448
- Appendix C 449
- Mechanical conditions 450
- Appendix D 455
- Appendix E 457
- CLI commands 457
- 458 Appendix E CLI commands 458
- Appendix F 459
- Procedure 77 460
- Procedure 78 462
- ELAN subnet installation) 465
- Appendix G 471
- Upgrade procedure summary 472
- Procedure 80 474
- Figure 156 475
- ITG/ISL trunk software 476
- Procedure 83 478
- ITG> card Reset 479
- Figure 157 480
- Software download example 480
- Upgrade considerations 481
- Procedure 85 482
- Verify ROM-BIOS version 483
- Upgrade Troubleshooting 483
- Symbols/Numerics 485
- 486 Index 486
- Index 487 487
- 488 Index 488
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